The selection of schools is the foundation of any research implementation. This stage aims to ensure a randomized, unbiased, and scientifically valid sampling process. Make sure to transparently documenting the selection methodology.

1. Compile List: Choose a geographic area based on practical constraints (e.g., districts or blocks). Compile a list of schools within the defined area using government or district-level records.
2. Apply Exclusion criteria: Exclude schools that may not align with research requirements (e.g., schools with fewer than 50 students).
3. Random Sampling: Use software tools like Excel to randomly select the appropriate number of schools (we suggest 8) from the eligible list.
4. Random allocation: Use above software to randomly divide selected schools into two equal groups. The treatment group will implement the ALfA pedagogy, while the control group will continue with traditional teaching methods for comparative analysis.
5. Clear Communication: The relevant government official should issue a letter describing the RRI and welcoming the schools, including clear description of the expectations from teachers and principals to spend the required time on ALfA.

Baseline assessments measure the starting point of students' foundational skills in literacy and numeracy. These assessments are critical for benchmarking and later comparing results post-implementation.

1. Assessment Design. DEVI has a standardised international assessment for literacy and numeracy. If needed, we can collaborate to translate this to the local language.
2. Student Selection. Select a random sample of students (depending on the total number of students, we suggest 30%) in order to retain sufficient statistical power while reducing the logistical effort and expense.
3. Format. Use a paper-based format with OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) sheets for efficient data scanning and analysis. Alternately, if sufficient devices are available, use the custom-designed online assessment tool (which has identical question items to the paper-based format).
4. Third Party Involvement. Where possible, engage an external party to conduct the assessment. We have found that college students, with a little training, can conduct the assessments reliably.
5. Conducting the test. Ensure children are familiar with marking answers (e.g., ticking or shading the option in an OMR sheet, or clicking a button in an app). Conduct tests in a controlled environment with no intervention from school staff, especially class teachers. Ensure strict adherence to standardized procedures to maintain data authenticity. If OMR sheets are used, a random sample of test papers should be cross-checked to ensure data quality.

Teacher training is crucial to the success of ALfA implementation. It ensures that educators are equipped with the skills and confidence to adopt the pedagogy effectively.

1. Modality: Online training remains effective when well-structured and highly interactive, and can reduce costs and logistical challenges. Training can be conducted online in English or Hindi by the DEVI team. Alternately, we can train a master-trainer from the implementing partner, who can then conduct in-person training (which may be in the local language).
2. Format: The training will be highly interactive, with videos of classroom implementation and hands-on activities that build teacher’s confidence in peer-based and interactive learning methodologies.
3. Building Stakeholder Buy-in: Along with equipping teachers with knowledge and skills of the ALfA pedagogy, a key goal is to build enthusiasm for ALfA by highlighting success stories from other regions. The training also explores how ALfA reduces teacher workload.
4. Duration: We suggest two three-hour sessions, one for literacy, one for numeracy.
5. Materials: Trainees need to bring materials to use as counters for hands-on numeracy activities, such as beans, buttons, sticks, leaves.
6. Quiz & Certificates: The training will conclude with a fun quiz on the ALfA methodology, and participants will be given certificates.

DEVI will provide all soft copies of learning materials, including teacher handbooks, student materials, assessments and apps, for free. If hard copies are required, DEVI can provide up to 250 toolkits (sufficient for 500 students) for free in any of the major languages (English, Arabic, Spanish, French, Portugese, Urdu, Hindi). The implementation partner will have to bear shipping and distribution costs.

ALfA fosters a shift from teacher-centric to student-led learning.

Preparation (start of the day)

• Teachers use a fun method to pair students randomly (e.g., pulling names from chits or jars).
• Students make or bring their learning materials, including Tina & Toto puppets and maths counters.
• Teachers plan the day's activity sequence.

Four Steps of an ALfA Lesson:

1. Teacher-Child Demonstration. Teachers model the activity (e.g., clapping out syllables, forming numbers with materials) in a pair along with a child, engaging the class through visual and verbal cues.
2. Peer Demonstration. Two randomly students demonstrate the activity to their peers.
3. Pair Work. The whole class does the activity in pairs. Both students take turns as “asker” and “responder” to reinforce mutual learning.
4. New Questions. Students create questions or tasks for their partner, moving toward independent problem-solving.

At the End of a Unit

Teachers conduct collective feedback by asking a series of multiple-choice questions, to see what proportion of students have gained the required skills. They then engage in gap-filling by re-pairing students so that children who have acquired the competency can help those who have not yet.

ALfA methodologies are designed to accommodate classrooms with diverse student abilities, ensuring inclusivity and equal learning opportunities. It uses the power of paired learning to transform the challenge of multi-level classrooms into a strength.

1. New Random Pairs are made daily to foster social skills and enable children to learn from different partners.
2. The modules provide tiered activities within to cater to different learning levels.
3. Children make their own questions, which enables them to interact at the level appropriate for them.
4. Children with learning disabilities are warmly included in the ALfA learning process, with different peers helping them learn (and learning from them).

Supervision ensures fidelity in implementing ALfA methodologies and provides actionable feedback to improve the program's effectiveness. Rather than relying on carrots and sticks, monitoring processes should enhance teachers’ intrinsic motivation.

1. Training. DEVI will conduct a separate short training for middle-level leaders on what indicators to look for in an ALfA classroom.
2. Regular visits. Middle-level leaders should visit schools regularly to monitor classroom practices. Ensure observations cover multiple classes and activities, not just a single classroom.
3. Supervisory App. DEVI will provide access to a supportive supervision app, ALfAWay, consisting of a standardized checklist (which is also shared with teachers for self-monitoring). The ALfAWay app also generates reports which are accessible for district and state officials.
4. Grow Circles. Teachers implementing ALfA will be encouraged to meet weekly to share their experiences with each other for mutual encouragement and inspiration. The grow circles will be used to share successes, troubleshoot challenges and practice upcoming lessons & activities.
5. Mentorship and Peer Learning: Experienced teachers or trained supervisors will be assigned as mentors for new teachers. This buddy system will enable teachers to support each other, especially during the initial implementation phase.
6. Recognition & Honouring. Successes will be celebrated with ceremonies or public acknowledgment during district reviews.

Technology plays a pivotal role in training, monitoring, and scaling the ALfA program.

1. Video Tutorials are available on YouTube, covering key ALfA principles and showing hands-on activities.
2. WhatsApp Groups will be formed for all the teachers in the treatment group, in order to facilitate teacher collaboration and sharing of best practices. Teachers will be encouraged to regularly post photos, videos and any queries. Supervisors and higher officials will be present in the group, and a designated officer will regularly post ALfA Maxims (ready-made best practices). Constructive feedback can be offered via personal messages rather than in public groups.
3. ALfA App is a centralized platform for supervisors to log observations and generate reports. It also provides teachers access to materials, instructions, and progress tracking tools.

Refresher trainings ensure that teachers and supervisors remain aligned with ALfA methodologies and adapt to emerging challenges.

1. Frequency. We recommend one refresher training/feedback session after the first 2-3 weeks of implementation.
2. Content. The training will revisit key ALfA principles, such as random pairing and collective feedback; and discuss common classroom challenges and their solutions. It will also provide a chance for teachers to share their feedback and brainstorm ways to further improve the program.
3. Modality. The training can be online to ensure accessibility and minimize cost. If all implementation schools are located near each other, in person refreshers can also be used.

Parents and communities play a crucial role in reinforcing ALfA principles at home and ensuring broader support for the program.

1. Town Halls. School town halls or open days can be conducted to:
   • Introduce parents to ALfA’s methods.
   • Demonstrate simple activities (e.g., using puppets or random pairing) they can replicate at home.
   • Emphasize the benefits of peer learning for social and academic development.
2. Activities for Parents. Teachers should strive to involve parents in the learning process:
   • Encourage parents to use Tina & Toto puppets for storytelling or Q&A at home.
   • Promote family reading time where children read aloud to siblings or grandparents.
   • First-generation students can be encouraged to teach their parents at home.

Endline assessments provide critical insights into student progress and program effectiveness.

1. Assessment Content: The endline test is an identical format (though different question items) as the baseline, ensuring data consistency and comparability.
2. Random Sampling: As with the baseline test, a random sample of students (e.g. 30% of the total) will be selected. These need not be the same students as those who sat the baseline.
3. Standardised Conditions: Maintain the same test-taking conditions across different schools as was used in the baseline test.

At the end of the engage phase, detailed reporting ensures transparency and provides a roadmap for future scaling in the expand phase

1. Dignity Education will prepare comprehensive reports in collaboration with the implementation partner. The reports will analyse student performance data from baseline to endline, as well as sharing supervisor observations, teacher feedback and case studies.
2. Sharing Results. The findings will be presented to all stakeholders through district or state-level review meetings, reports shared with donors or CSR partners, and community events highlighting student and teacher achievements.